Android Interface/Native Android GUI

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Go back to Android Interface

Android4Pascal

See the page about Android4Pascal, which is the bindings between Pascal programs and the Android Java APIs.

Android API Hello World in Pascal

Here is an example Pascal application written for Android. It shows how to create controls, receive callback events and how to use the timer.

The full directory structure can be download with this svn command: 

 svn co https://p-tools.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/p-tools/turbochessclock4android turbochessclock4android

Simple Android app.png

Here is the Pascal code from this example:

<delphi> { 

 A simple Chess Clock application

 Author: Felipe Monteiro de Carvalho - 2011
 License: Public Domain

} program turbochessclock4android;

{$mode objfpc}{$H+}

uses 

 Classes, SysUtils, androidpipescomm, androidview, javalang,
 androidapp, androidtimer, androidutil;

type 

 TEventHandler = class
 public
   procedure HandleOnTimer(ASender: TObject);
   procedure buttonStartClickCallback(v: TView);
   procedure buttonMoveClickCallback(v: TView);
 end;

var 

 layout: TLinearLayout;
 params: TLayoutParams;
 tv, black_label, white_label: TTextView;
 scroller: TScrollView;
 btn_move, btn_start: TButton;
 tp: TTimePicker;
 WhiteTimeCount: Integer = 0;
 BlackTimeCount: Integer = 0;
 MyTimer: TAndroidTimer;
 MyEventHandler: TEventHandler;
 IsWhitePlayerMove: Boolean = True;

procedure TEventHandler.buttonStartClickCallback(v: TView); begin 

 black_label.setVisibility(VISIBLE);
 white_label.setVisibility(VISIBLE);
 btn_move.setVisibility(VISIBLE);
 //
 WhiteTimeCount := tp.getCurrentHour() * 60 * 60 + tp.getCurrentMinute() * 60;
 BlackTimeCount := WhiteTimeCount;
 //
 MyTimer.removeCallbacks();
 MyTimer.postDelayed(100);

end;

procedure TEventHandler.buttonMoveClickCallback(v: TView); begin 

 IsWhitePlayerMove := not IsWhitePlayerMove;

end;

procedure TEventHandler.HandleOnTimer(ASender: TObject); var 

 lSeconds, lMinutes, lHours: Integer;

begin 

 if IsWhitePlayerMove then
 begin
   lSeconds := WhiteTimeCount mod 60;
   lMinutes := (WhiteTimeCount mod (60 * 60)) div 60;
   lHours := WhiteTimeCount div (60 * 60);
   white_label.setText(Format('White %d:%d:%d', [lHours, lMinutes, lSeconds]));
   //
   if WhiteTimeCount = 0 then Exit;
   Dec(WhiteTimeCount);
 end
 else
 begin
   lSeconds := BlackTimeCount mod 60;
   lMinutes := (BlackTimeCount mod (60 * 60)) div 60;
   lHours := BlackTimeCount div (60 * 60);
   black_label.setText(Format('Black %d:%d:%d', [lHours, lMinutes, lSeconds]));
   //
   if BlackTimeCount = 0 then Exit;
   Dec(BlackTimeCount);
 end;
 //
 MyTimer.removeCallbacks();
 // Note that this has a low precision, but it enough for this simple app
 // A more precise app would keep another time count instead of just using Dec
 // at each timer call
 MyTimer.postDelayed(1000);

end;

begin 

 // Here add any initialization.
 // Any initialization code will be run inside Activity.onCreate,
 // so keep it as short as possible!
 // It should mostly contain GUI initialization
 // User interface
 MyEventHandler := TEventHandler.Create;

 // Prepares the UI of the program
 layout := TLinearLayout.Create;
 params := TLayoutParams.Create(androidview.FILL_PARENT, androidview.FILL_PARENT);
 layout.setLayoutParams(params);
 params.Free;
 layout.setOrientation(androidview.VERTICAL);

 // Game UI

 black_label := TTextView.Create;
 black_label.setText('Black time:');
 black_label.setVisibility(GONE);
 black_label.setTextSize(COMPLEX_UNIT_PX, 40);
 layout.addView(black_label);

 white_label := TTextView.Create;
 white_label.setText('White time:');
 white_label.setVisibility(GONE);
 white_label.setTextSize(COMPLEX_UNIT_PX, 40);
 layout.addView(white_label);

 btn_move := TButton.Create;
 btn_move.setText('Move finished!');
 btn_move.setOnClickListener(@MyEventHandler.buttonMoveClickCallback);
 btn_move.setVisibility(GONE);
 layout.addView(btn_move);

 // Config UI

 tv := TTextView.Create;
 tv.setText('Please select how much to give to the players and press "Start Game":');
 layout.addView(tv);

 tp := TTimePicker.Create;
 tp.setIs24HourView(True);
 tp.setCurrentHour(0);
 tp.setCurrentMinute(30);
 layout.addView(tp);

 btn_start := TButton.Create;
 btn_start.setText('Start game!');
 btn_start.setOnClickListener(@MyEventHandler.buttonStartClickCallback);
 layout.addView(btn_start);

 // And also allow the user to scroll the UI if it is larger then the screen width
 // Scrolling takes place only horizontally

 scroller := TScrollView.Create;
 scroller.addView(layout);

 Activity.setContentView(scroller);

 MyTimer := TAndroidTimer.Create;
 MyTimer.OnTimer := @MyEventHandler.HandleOnTimer;

 // Now tell Java that the initialization has finished
 vAndroidPipesComm.onCreateFinished();
 // Here you can add any other initialization,
 // specially non-GUI code

 // Now we block our execution waiting for callbacks from Java
 vAndroidPipesComm.MessageLoop();

end. </delphi>

Compiling the example project in Linux

1> Get a working arm-linux cross-compiler which generates ARMv5 eabi with softfloat (as many phones like HTC Wildfire have no FPU)

To do this one can download an unofficial build from here:

http://members.yline.com/~tom_at_work/fpc-2.4.2.UNOFFICIAL.arm-linux.tar . Compiled for ARMv5 eabi with softfloat.

Or build your own. There are instructions here: Setup_Cross_Compile_For_ARM

2> Install the Android SDK. Instructions here: Android_Interface/Using_the_Android_SDK,_Emulator_and_Phones#Using_the_Android_SDK

3> Install ant, for example in Mandriva Linux: 

 urpmi ant

4> Open the project turbochessclock/turbochessclock4android.lpi in Lazarus and build it

5> Build the APK file in debug mode 

 ant debug

6> Connect your phone and make sure you can connect to it via ADB. More info here: Android_Interface/Using_the_Android_SDK,_Emulator_and_Phones#Recognition_of_devices_under_Linux

7> Install the APK file in your phone via ADB or whatever other method you prefer: 

 ../android-sdk-linux_x86/tools/adb install android/bin/TurboChessClock4Android-debug.apk

If the package is already installed you need need to do this instead: 

 ../android-sdk-linux_x86/tools/adb uninstall com.pascal.turbochessclock
 ../android-sdk-linux_x86/tools/adb install android/bin/TurboChessClock4Android-debug.apk

Manifest configuration

Control the program restart

By default the program will restart on orientation change, on keyboard change, and in a lot of other cases. This is usually unwanted. To disable program restart o keyboard showing and orientation changed add this to the manifest file: 

 <activity
    ...
    android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden"

See also:

Resource files

Guidelines for the Icons

Read here: http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/ui_guidelines/icon_design.html

Using other APIs

Using the Timer

The Android API bindings include a handy timer control called TAndroidTimer. It works just like a Runnable, and inside it a Handler class is utilized to run the Runnable in the main GUI thread so that event executed in this timer can call Android APIs.

Timer example

<delphi> program turbochessclock4android;

{$mode objfpc}{$H+}

uses 

 Classes, SysUtils, androidpipescomm, androidview, javalang,
 androidapp, androidtimer;//, gles11;

type 

 TEventHandler = class
 public
   procedure HandleOnTimer(ASender: TObject);
   procedure buttonClickCallback(v: TView);
 end;

var 

 //...
 TimerCount: Integer = 0;
 MyTimer: TAndroidTimer;
 MyEventHandler: TEventHandler;

procedure TEventHandler.buttonClickCallback(v: TView); begin 

 MyTimer.postDelayed(100);

end;

procedure TEventHandler.HandleOnTimer(ASender: TObject); begin 

 Inc(TimerCount);
 tv.setText(Format('Timer event #%d', [TimerCount]));
 MyTimer.postDelayed(1000);

end;

begin 

 MyEventHandler := TEventHandler.Create;
 // ...

end. </delphi>

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