Basic Pascal Tutorial/Chapter 3/IF/ja

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3Ca - IF (著者: Tao Yue, 状態: 原文のまま修正なし)

IF 文はブール式の結果をもとに分岐を可能にする。 1方向の分岐の形式は次のようになる。

if ブール式 then
  真の場合の命令文;

もし、ブール式が true と評価されたなら、命令文が実行される。そうでない場合には、スキップされる。

The IF statement accepts only one statement. If you would like to branch to a compound statement, you must use a begin-end block to enclose the statements:

if BooleanExpression then
begin
  Statement1;
  Statement2
end;

There is also a two-way selection:

if BooleanExpression then
  StatementIfTrue
else
  StatementIfFalse;

If the Boolean expression evaluates to FALSE, the statement following the else will be performed. Note that you may not use a semicolon after the statement preceding the else. That causes the computer to treat it as a one-way selection, leaving it to wonder where the else came from.

If you need multi-way selection, simply nest if statements:

if Condition1 then
  Statement1
else
  if Condition2 then
    Statement2
  else
    Statement3;

Be careful with nesting. Sometimes the computer won't do what you want it to do:

if Condition1 then
  if Condition2 then
    Statement2
else
  Statement1;

The else is always matched with the most recent if, so the computer interprets the preceding block of code as:

if Condition1 then
  if Condition2 then
    Statement2
  else
    Statement1;

You can get by with a null statement:

if Condition1 then
  if Condition2 then
    Statement2
  else
else
  Statement1;

Or you could use a begin-end block. But the best way to clean up the code would be to rewrite the condition.

if not Condition1 then
  Statement1
else
  if Condition2 then
    Statement2;

This example illustrates where the not operator comes in very handy. If Condition1 had been a Boolean like: (not(a < b) or (c + 3 > 6)) and g, reversing the expression would be more difficult than NOTting it.

Also notice how important indentation is to convey the logic of program code to a human, but the compiler ignores the indentation.

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