Installing Lazarus/sk

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Úvod

Pre tých, ktorí jednoducho chcú nainštalovať Lazarus a začať ho používať pre programovanie, je najjednoduchším prístupom stiahnuť a nainštalovať najnovšiu, podľa možností stabilnú, binárnu release (balíček ".exe").

Lazarus pozostáva z dvoch základných častí:

  • LCL - knižnica komponentov Lazarus (Lazarus Component Library)
  • IDE - Integrované vývojové prostredie

Tieto v podstate závisia na:

  • FreePascal – prekladač FreePascal
  • FCL – knižnica komponentov FreePascal (FreePascal Component library, obsahujúca väčšinu nevizuálnych komponentov použitých v Lazarus

Systémové požiadavky Lazarus

  1. prekladač FreePascal, balíčky a zdrojové kódy (*dôležité* rovnakej verzie/dátumu)
  2. podporovaný Widget tool-kit
  3. môže byť použité pôvodné Win32 API

FAQ - Najčastejšiekladené otázky sú dostupné na http://www.lazarus.freepascal.org . Niektoré z otázok môžete nájsť v lokálnom súbore 'FAQ'.

Inštalácia prekladača FreePascal

Rozsiahla diskusia o inštalácii a budovaní prekladačov FreePascal je dostupná na http://www.stack.nl/~marcov/buildfaq.pdf - pre niektorých užívateľov môže byť trochu detailná, ale je dostatočne vyčerpávajúca.

Lazarus vyžaduje FreePascal verzie 1.9.x a vyžaduje ako preložené knižnice FreePascal (binárne súbory), tak aj zdrojové kódy rovnakej verzie. FreePascal 1.0.6 je veľmi mladý a FreePascal 1.0.10 má problémy s otváraním formulárov vytvorených pomocou FreePascal 1.9.x.

Installing Free Pascal under Windows

FPC Binaries for Windows

By far the easiest way to get a working installation of Free Pascal is to download the current binary Windows release of Lazarus from the SourceForge repository - the release contains the current versions of the FreePascal compiler and the FreePascal libraries as well as the lazarus IDE. If you want to install from sources, read on!

You can get the installer zip for fpc 1.9.3 at Free Pascal's download section. Installing from the sources -- see the next section to know how to get them -- is not for novices, since you need a starting compiler as well.

FPC Sources for Windows

The easiest way to get the Free Pascal sources is via CVS; see the next section for more on that. You can also download the package as a whole -- see http://www.freepascal.org/develop.html for the daily snapshot of the 1.9.x release tree.

Windows FPC Sources via CVS

You will need to have a CVS client such as TortoiseCVS or WinCVS installed in order to perform the steps below. The exact commands vary between CVS clients; the ones given below are to be used under CVS home's client, which is available for download here.

First create a directory in which you'd like to put the sources. Any normal user can do this. Create a directory for fpc (e.g. C:\Source), then do the following at the command prompt:

 C:\Source> set CVSROOT=:pserver:cvs@cvs.freepascal.org:/FPC/CVS
 C:\Source> cvs login      // password is 'cvs' without the commas
 C:\source> cvs -z3 co fpc // This will create a directory fpc, which can be later used in the IDE.

Hint: To download/update the latest changes you can simply do

 C:\> cd Source\FPC
 C:\Source\FPC> cvs -z3 update -dP

ToDo: Write me.

See: http://www.freepascal.org/down-win32.html . You can find a list of mirrors at http://www.freepascal.org/sdown.html. Download FPC as one big file, unzip it and run the install.exe.

Extending your PATH variable to the fpc directory:

  • Win98: Edit autoexec.bat and add the line: PATH=%PATH%;C:\pp\bin\bin\win32
  • WinXP/2k: My Computer (Right Click) -> Properties -> Advanced (Page) -> Enviroment Variables -> System Variables -> Edit "PATH", Add "C:\pp\bin\bin\win32" there.

Then restart windows.

ToDo: Explain how to download fpc sources and build the compiler

Installing Lazarus

Installing Lazarus under Linux

The easiest way to get a current working installation of Lazarus is to download the RPMs for FreePascal and Lazarus from the SourceForge repository.

You need to download the selected version of

  • the compiler (eg fpc-1.9.5-041207.i386.rpm)
  • the pascal source library (eg fpcsrc-1.9.5-041207.i386.rpm)
  • the Lazarus package (eg lazarus-0.9.2.4-fpc_1.9.5_041207.i386.rpm).

You then issue the following commands (you need to have root privileges - use su or sudo)

rpm -Uvh fpc-1.9.5-041207.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh fpcsrc-1.9.5-041207.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh lazarus-0.9.2.4-fpc_1.9.5_041207.i386.rpm

If you prefer to install from source and compile the files yourself, follow these instructions. Because the whole lazarus stuff is installed into one directory, uninstall is very easy and you don't need to be root to install lazarus. You can get tgz files for fpc, fpcsrc and lazarus from the downloads section or you can download it directly via cvs.

Downloading lazarus cvs

cvs provides an easy way to update your sources by only downloading the changes. This is the recommended way and saves you a lot of time. A connection to the internet is needed for this: You don't to be root. Lazarus does not need any special permissions, neither during installation nor at runtime. First create a directory for lazarus (e.g. /home/username/freepascal) then do the following:

connect to the cvs server (note
lazarus and freepascal use the same server)
[]$ export CVSROOT=:pserver:cvs@cvs.freepascal.org:/FPC/CVS
[]$ cvs login

password is 'cvs' without the .

download the lazarus sources
[]$ cvs -z3 co lazarus

compile lazarus:

[]$ cd lazarus
[]$ make  (gmake on BSD)

If fpc is installed correctly, the compilation should work without problems. If not, see FAQ.

Start lazarus
[]$ ./lazarus

The IDE should start. If you started lazarus in a terminal, you can see some notes about missing settings. This is normal at first start. The IDE automatically tries to find out where the freepascal compiler and its sources are installed by searching in the most common directories.

Check the paths
Use the IDE menu to go to
Environment -> Environment Options -> Files

The 'FPC Source directory' should point to your fpc source directory. This directory normally ends with /fpc/ or /fpcsrc/ (e.g. /usr/src/fpcsrc or /home/username/freepascal/fpc) and contains directories like 'compiler', 'docs', 'fcl', 'rtl' and 'packages'.

ToDo: explain the other paths

Hint

To update lazarus you can use

[]$ cd /home/username/freepascal/lazarus
[]$ cvs -z3 update -dP
[]$ make clean all   (gmake on BSD)

This will rebuild lazarus and create an IDE without lazarus packages. To link your installed packages do after the above:

[]$ make idepkg

Installing Lazarus under Debian GNU/Linux

There are preliminary Debian packages for lazarus available for download. Make sure you read /usr/share/doc/lazarus/README.Debian carefully before you start using it. Feedback is needed and appreciated; please send your comments to Carlos Laviola <claviola@debian.org>.

Another (?easier) way to install Lazarus under Debian

Added by User:Kirkpatc.

Simple Lazarus Installation in Debian

(assume new Debian installation, without development libraries loaded)

From sourceforge repository, download latest fpc, fpclib and lazarus releases; follow links from http://lazarus.freepascal.org, click the "downloads" button on the left, then click on "binaries" then "linux" then "Current Lazarus RPM". This will bring you to

http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=89339

then download the following files (or more recent, if available)

  • fpc-1.9.5-041001.i386.rpm
  • fpcsrc-1.9.5-041001.i386.rpm
  • lazarus-0.9.2.2-fpc_1.9.5_041001.i386.rpm

cd to the directory where these files are stored, then become root (su) and type:

alien fpc*     //this will convert both the fpc and fpcsrc files to debian format
alien laz*

then use kpackage or a similar utility to install the fpc, fpcsrc and lazarus **.rpm.deb files.

You need to produce a configuration file, which will reside in /etc/fpc.cfg. Still as root, cd to the main fpc directory /usr/lib/fpc/1.9.5 and then type

sh ./samplecfg /usr/lib/fpc/1.9.5 /etc

Check the contents of your new configuration file (cat /etc/fpc.cfg) and make any changes you want using vi or another text editor.

You need to install the development packages of the GTK and pixbuf libraries, so

apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev
apt-get install libgdk-pixbuf-dev

Then you should be ready to start programming!

Installing Lazarus under Mac OS X

Works pretty much the same as under Linux. But you need to install first the apple developer tools and X11:

Installing Lazarus under Windows

The current releases of the Windows Lazarus binary packages install very easily, and should work 'out-of-the-box'. The binary package is available for Linux and Windows from

http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=89339

Download the latest release (currently Lazarus-0.9.2.4-20041210-win32.exe) and launch the application. You will be taken through a typical Windows installation, in which the FPC compiler and source libraries are installed within the same directory structure as Lazarus, and the IDE should launch and operate without significant problems, provided you have uninstalled any previous version of Lazarus and/or FPC (often found in the C:\pp directory).

You can also get a Lazarus Snapshot for Windows at: http://www.ca.freepascal.org/Lazarus/

Installing from source

If you prefer to install from sources, then follow these instructions (Thanks to Joe for this Step-by-step description)

You have to download the lazarus source:

ftp://ftp.freepascal.org/pub/fpc/source/lazarus.zip

Then unzip it to c:\lazarus for example. You have to install at least fpc-1.9.3. It compiles for me, and lazarus.exe works. The path to my fpc is: c:\pp\bin\win32. In this directory you can find a lot of exe (make, grep, ppc386, and so on).

Open a command line. Start->Run...>command or choose MS-DOS icon.

Type:

cd c:\lazarus
set path=c:\pp\bin\win32;c:\lazarus  //of course change the first to
                                     //the path of yours
windres -i lazarus.rc -o lazarus.res
make

If you are lucky then you can type: lazarus.exe. The source editor, dialogs and the property editor work, but not perfectly... Look and you will see.

You can compile examples also:

cd examples
make

If you extracted lazarus to another drive, eg.: d:\lazarus. It can happen that you need the gnu utility to make it. If you have it, you can take its path to set path=...;<gmakepath> but it is simpler not to choose drive d:\

That's all.

Additional experiences and advice on installing FPC and Lazarus

On linux, getting Lazarus to work can be complicated. If you have already installed earlier versions of FPC and/or Lazarus, you have to take great care that the PATHS are adjusted so that only your new versions are called.

Pitfalls that I have experienced in various attempts with SuSE linux include:

The rpm versions often install FPC in /bin or /usr/bin, with the libraries in /lib or /usr/lib.

If you perform a make install on a source version or use a .tar.gz, the compiler is usually installed in /usr/local/bin with the libraries in /usr/local/lib.

So if earlier versions have been installed from rpm, make sure all links are changed to reflect the directory structure of your new compiler. The place to make the changes is in /etc/fpc.cfg ; make sure there are no remnant configuration files in your home directory or in your FPC download directory. Typically they are found in ~/.fpc.cfg

Make sure the links in /etc/fpc.cfg point to the correct versions of the libraries (particularly if you have older versions still lurking around).

In /usr/local/bin or /usr/bin there is a file called fpc ; this is the executable that is called when you invoke the compiler. One of the first things it does is to open ppc386 in the same directory. This has to be the same version as the fpc file, or can be a link pointing to the true ppc386 in some other directory (such as a library directory, or the fpc directory in your own development space); be sure to update your link if you install a newer version of the compiler.

Try running the compiler from the command line using one of the simple example programs or one which you wrote yourself.

Turning to Lazarus:

If you use a downloaded snapshot (.tar.gz) or get the source from CVS, enter your lazarus directory and type

make
./lazarus 

and hopefully the IDE should load. There may be a message saying it can't find the sources; if so, go to the menu at the top and select Environment -> Environment options and insert the name of the directory where you expect to find your lazarus files (eg ~/FreePascal/lazarus), your compiler (eg /usr/local/bin/ppc386), the FreePascal source directory (eg /usr/local/lib/fpc/$version/fpc or a directory in your own space eg ~/FreePascal/fpc). Then close the dialog and start programming.

You may find further problems when you start programming or compiling; most of these will be related to PATH selection.

Many of the difficulties are dealt with in the Lazarus FAQ, found either on this WiKi site, or a more complete list on the main Lazarus site

http://www.lazarus.freepascal.org/modules.php?op=modload&name=FAQ&file=index

From the top menu select Run -> Compiler Options (or Project -> Compiler Options in more recent releases of Lazarus) and select the Paths tab on the resulting dialog. There are several boxes for entry of paths for Unit files, Include files, Other source files, Libraries etc. For each of these, it is worth pressing the ... (ellipsis) button on the right, and you will be given a blank window for inserting path information, and a lower window giving some suggestions. Select as many as you like (or ALL!) and press the ADD button to transfer the selections to the upper window. When your selection is complete, press OK and move on to the next box. If you know of other paths which need to be followed, press the Browse button associated with each box, and insert the additional paths.

When you think you have got your paths right, try to compile your application. If there are further path-related errors ('can't find unit .......') then go back and check your paths, both in /etc/fpc.cfg and in your Run -> Compiler Options dialog (or Project -> Compiler Options depending on your version).

Once you have got the environment and PATHS correct, it is worth saving the settings to a file, otherwise you will have to go through this process for each new project. In the Run -> Compiler options dialog there is a Load/Save button; select this and then save the setings to the filename of your choice: mine is ~/FreePascal/default.cfg. Then each time I start a new project, I can go to the Run -> Compiler Options dialog (or Project -> Compiler Options), select Load/Save, and load my default.cfg file to the new project. You can, of course, modify the options for each new project if you so desire.

Installing Lazarus under BSD

 Please write me!

Original contributors and changes

This page has been converted from the epikwiki version.

  • Initially imported and formatted. VlxAdmin 9/22/2003
  • Changed Joe's part for Windows to require fpc 1.0.10. Vincent 9/25/2003
  • Updated "What is required for lazarus". AndrewJohnson 10/1/2003
  • Finished formatted the InstallingLazarus page VlxAdmin 2/22/2004
  • Posted some notes about Installing FPC and Lazarus: mostly reflecting experiences in trying to get the PATHS right in Linux. 3/11/2004 User:Kirkpatc
  • Copied the contents of my note into the main InstallingLazarus section, edited it slightly. I don't know how to remove the original note. 3/12/2004 User:Kirkpatc
  • Removed the original note. Tidied the wiki and formatting a bit. VlxAdmin
  • Corrected a couple of typos - 3/12/2004 User:Kirkpatc
  • Added link for daily snapshot deb packages - 3/27/2004 Vincent
  • Fixed links in GettingLazarus (downloading binaries) and several other pages. 22 July 2004 User:Kirkpatc
  • Added link for lazarus deb packages - 19 August 2004 VincentSnijders
  • Added a short note on installing in Debian - 23 Nov 2004 User:Kirkpatc
  • Considerable re-write and re-organization of installation section - 11 Dec 2004 User:Kirkpatc