Lazarus Packages/sk

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Prehlad balíkového systému Lazarus

Čo je balík v Lazaruse?

Balík v lazaruse je zoznam unít a komponentov, ktoré obsahujú informácie o tom ako majú byť skompilované a ako môžu byť použité inými balíkmi, alebo IDE. Oproti Delphi, balíky niesu obmedzené len na knižnice a môžu byť nezávislé od operačného systému. (Delphi: balík v Delphi je špecialne skompilovaná knižnica používaná aplikáciami, prostredím alebo obomi. Balíky Delphi vyžadujú od prekladača špeciálnu funkciu ktorú fpc v tomto momente ešte nemá a ktorá je závislá na operačnom systéme).

Momentálne podporuje [FreePascal|] prekladač jedine statické balíky. Kvôli tomu musíte skompilovať a reštartovať prostredie pri každej inštalácií alebo odinštalácií balíka.

Balík lazarusu je identifikovaný menom a verziou.

Quick Start

To see the packagesystem in action and to get used to it, do the following:

Creating a new package:

  • File->New... -> Package -> Standard Package
  • A package editor opens
  • Use the Save button at top left.
  • Depending on your 'naming' setting in the 'environment options', the IDE will ask you to save the file lowercase. Say yes.

Congratulations: You have just created your first package!

Adding a new component:

  • Use the Add button -> New component
  • Choose a component in the ancestor type combobox. For instance: TBevel.
  • Click Ok
  • The file will be added to the package and opened in the editor
  • Install the package by clicking the 'install' button in the top of the package editor.
  • Lazarus will save the package and ask you, if the IDE should be rebuilt. Say yes.
  • The packages are statically linked, so a restart of the IDE is needed.
  • Restart Lazarus and see your new component in the component palette (For example: A TBevel1 will be on the 'Additional' page).

Congratulations: You have just installed your first package with your first package component.

The IDE menu items for packages:

  • File->New... -> Package -> Standard Package

Creates a new package.

  • Project -> Project Inspector
 Here you can see, what packages are required by the currently open project.
 You can add new dependencies and remove unneeded ones.
  • Run -> Compiler options -> Inherited
 Here you can see what compiler options are inherited from which package.

Components -> 5 new items

 - 'Open package'
   A dialog shows all open packages with their state.
   
 - 'Open package file'
   Open a .lpk file
   
 - 'Open recent package'
   Open a recently open package file (lpk file)
   
 - 'Package Graph'
   The package graph shows all open packages and their dependencies.

The theory

Each Lazarus package has a .lpk file. A package is identified by its name and its version. The name must correspond to the lpk filename. For example:

Name: Package1, Version: 1.0, Filename: /home/.../package1.lpk.

Hint: To rename a package, use 'save as'.

  • The IDE automatically creates the main source file (package1.pas). See below. The lpk file contains information about the required packages, the files it uses, how to compile them, and what is needed to use the package by other packages/projects. The directory where the lpk file is, is called the "package directory".
  • The IDE maintains a list of all package files (packagelinks.xml). Everytime a package is opened in the IDE it will be added to this list. When a package is opened, the IDE automatically opens all required packages via this list.
  • There are three base packages: FCL, LCL and SynEdit. These are parts of the IDE and so they are autocreated, readonly and have no lpk file.
  • Normally a package has a source directory with some pascal units. And normally the lpk file will be there too. A package has also an output directory. Default is the subdirectory 'lib' in the package directory.
  • Before a package is compiled the IDE checks all required packages and if they need update and have the auto update flag, they are compiled first. Then the IDE creates the package main source file. If the lpk file was package1.lpk, then the main source file is package1.pas. This file contains all units in the uses section plus a 'Register' procedure, which is called in the intialization section.

For example:

This file was automatically created by Lazarus. Do not edit!
This source is only used to compile and install
the package GTKOpenGL 1.0.
unit GTKOpenGL; interface uses GTKGLArea, GTKGLArea_Int, NVGL, NVGLX, LazarusPackageIntf; implementation procedure Register; begin RegisterUnit('GTKGLArea', @GTKGLArea.Register); end; initialization RegisterPackage('GTKOpenGL', @Register) end.
  • Then the compiler is called and the package is compiled to the output directory.
  • After successful compilation the state file is created. The state file is put into the output directory. It has the name <packagename>.compiled and contains the information, how the package was compiled. This state file is used by the IDE to check if update is needed.

For example: gtkopengl.compiled:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<CONFIG>
  <Compiler Value="/usr/bin/ppc386" Date="781388725"/>
  <Params Value=" -Rintel -S2cgi -CD -Ch8000000 -OG1p1
    -Tlinux -gl -vewnhi -l -Fu../../../lcl/units
    -Fu../../../lcl/units/gtk -Fu../../../packager/units
    -Fu. -FElib/ gtkopengl.pas"/>
</CONFIG>
  • The IDE opens all needed packages automatically. This means, it opens all installed packages, all packages marked for installation (auto install), all packages with an open Editor, all packages required by the project and all packages required by one of the other packages. Unneeded packages are automatically unloaded, when the IDE becomes idle.
  • The IDE never opens two packages with the same name at the same time. When the user opens another package file with the same name as an already opened package the IDE will ask to replace the old one.
  • The IDE maintains two extra sets of packages: The 'installed' packages and the 'auto install' packages. The auto install packages will be linked into the IDE on next compile. It creates two new files in the config directory: staticpackages.inc and idemake.cfg. Then it calls 'make ide OPT=@/path/to/your/config/idemake.cfg' to compile itself.

Contributors and Comments

This page has been converted from the epikwiki version.