Difference between revisions of "Set"
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For example let's consider this enumeration: | For example let's consider this enumeration: | ||
− | <syntaxhighlight> | + | <syntaxhighlight lang="pascal"> |
TSpeed = (spVerySlow,spSlow,spAVerage,spFast,spVeryFast); | TSpeed = (spVerySlow,spSlow,spAVerage,spFast,spVeryFast); | ||
</syntaxhighlight> | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
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And this set: | And this set: | ||
− | <syntaxhighlight> | + | <syntaxhighlight lang="pascal"> |
TPossibleSpeeds = set of TSpeed | TPossibleSpeeds = set of TSpeed | ||
</syntaxhighlight> | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
− | Constant instances of TPossibleSpeeds can be defined using brackets to hold set elements: | + | [[Constant]] instances of TPossibleSpeeds can be defined using [[square brackets|brackets]] to hold set elements: |
− | <syntaxhighlight> | + | <syntaxhighlight lang="pascal"> |
const | const | ||
RatherSlow = [spVerySlow,spSlow]; | RatherSlow = [spVerySlow,spSlow]; | ||
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== Manipulating sets == | == Manipulating sets == | ||
− | Two functions defined in the [[RTL]] [[System unit]] are used to manipulate a set: [[Include]](ASet,AValue) and [[Exclude]](ASet,AValue). | + | Two [[Function|functions]] defined in the [[RTL]] [[System unit]] are used to manipulate a set: [[Include]](ASet,AValue) and [[Exclude]](ASet,AValue). |
− | <syntaxhighlight> | + | <syntaxhighlight lang="pascal"> |
var | var | ||
SomeSpeeds: TPossibleSpeeds; | SomeSpeeds: TPossibleSpeeds; | ||
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then to call the setter. | then to call the setter. | ||
− | <syntaxhighlight> | + | <syntaxhighlight lang="pascal"> |
procedure TSomething.DoSomething(Sender: TFarObject); | procedure TSomething.DoSomething(Sender: TFarObject); | ||
var | var | ||
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</syntaxhighlight> | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
− | The | + | The [[Reserved_word|reserved word]] [[In|<syntaxhighlight lang="pascal" inline>in</syntaxhighlight>]] is also used to test if a value is in a set. It's usually used in this fashion: |
− | <syntaxhighlight> | + | <syntaxhighlight lang="pascal"> |
var | var | ||
CanBeSlow: Boolean; | CanBeSlow: Boolean; | ||
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Sets can be used to create bitmasks as shown in the example. | Sets can be used to create bitmasks as shown in the example. | ||
− | <syntaxhighlight> | + | <syntaxhighlight lang="pascal"> |
(* | (* | ||
The set [FLAG_A, FLAG_C] will be stored like this: | The set [FLAG_A, FLAG_C] will be stored like this: |
Revision as of 18:35, 16 November 2019
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Introduction
A Set encodes many values from an enumeration into an Ordinal type.
For example let's consider this enumeration:
TSpeed = (spVerySlow,spSlow,spAVerage,spFast,spVeryFast);
And this set:
TPossibleSpeeds = set of TSpeed
Constant instances of TPossibleSpeeds can be defined using brackets to hold set elements:
const
RatherSlow = [spVerySlow,spSlow];
RatherFast = [spFast,spVeryFast];
RatherSlow and RatherFast are some Set of TSpeed.
Manipulating sets
Two functions defined in the RTL System unit are used to manipulate a set: Include(ASet,AValue) and Exclude(ASet,AValue).
var
SomeSpeeds: TPossibleSpeeds;
begin
SomeSpeeds := [];
Include(SomeSpeeds,spVerySlow);
Include(SomeSpeeds,spVeryFast);
end;
Sets cannot be directly manipulated if they are published. You usually have to make a local copy, change the local copy and then to call the setter.
procedure TSomething.DoSomething(Sender: TFarObject);
var
LocalCopy: TPossibleSpeeds;
begin
LocalCopy := Sender.PossibleSpeeds; // getter to local
Include(LocalCopy,spVerySlow);
Sender.PossibleSpeeds := LocalCopy; // local to setter.
end;
The reserved word in
is also used to test if a value is in a set. It's usually used in this fashion:
var
CanBeSlow: Boolean;
const
SomeSpeeds = [Low(TSpeed)..High(TSpeed)];
begin
CanBeSlow := (spVerySlow in SomeSpeeds) or (spSlow in SomeSpeeds);
end;
Bitmasks
Sets can be used to create bitmasks as shown in the example.
(*
The set [FLAG_A, FLAG_C] will be stored like this:
TFlags : 0000'0101
│││
FLAG_C ──────────┘││
FLAG_B ───────────┘│
FLAG_A ────────────┘
*)
type
TFlag = (FLAG_A, FLAG_B, FLAG_C);
TFlags = set of TFlag;
var
Flags: TFlags;
[..]
Flags:= [FLAG_A, FLAG_C];
if FLAG_A in Flags then .. // check FLAG_A is set in flags variable
simple data types |
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complex data types |